• The objective of the present study was to

  2021-04-19

  

  The objective of the present study was to investigate the role of the CRF system in the neuroadaptations associated with nicotine dependence. To this aim, the regulation of the gene expression of CRF and its receptors was assessed in glycyrrhizic acid regions belonging to the reward pathway using a

• The most important cytotoxic lesion formed

  2021-04-19

  

  The most important cytotoxic lesion formed by the nitrogen mustards is generally considered to be the DNA–DNA interstrand cross-link 12, 13. DNA–DNA interstrand cross-links are thought to exert their cytotoxic effects by inhibiting DNA duplex strand separation, progression of the Flubendazole fork

• This article is based on previous research work

  2021-04-19

  

  This article is based on previous research work [43] in the field of distributed development of information systems [34]. In that work, the system infrastructure focusing on the three-level data model used in the different layers of our architecture is described. The work presented in this manuscrip

• In the present study we have

  2021-04-19

  

  In the present study, we have examined, an alternative approach for introduction of Hyp into bacterial, non-animal collagens. Previously, Gruskin and colleagues [27] had shown that Hyp could be introduced into recombinant mammalian collagen sequences in E. coli through a mechanism of co-translationa

• Prednisolone br Acknowledgements This work was supported by

  2021-04-19

  

  Acknowledgements This work was supported by grants from National Natural Science Foundation of China (31772196 and 31301693), the Chinese Ministry of Agriculture (the 948 project no. 2014-S10). Rothamsted Research also receives grant-aided support from the UK Biotechnology and Biological Sciences

• Endothelins ETs are peptides expressed

  2021-04-19

  

  Endothelins (ETs) are peptides expressed in both the peripheral and the central nervous systems, which can contribute to sensory changes seen in animal models of inflammatory, cancer and neuropathic pain [10], [11]. All three mammalian isoforms (ET-1, ET-2 and ET-3) activate specific G protein-coupl

• A limitation of this study

  2021-04-19

  

  A limitation of this study is the between-study heterogeneity of the datasets analyzed. To address this heterogeneity, we used a random-effects model in our analysis. Also, only 2 of the databases provided information on sex, and as a result, the sex-specific analyses were performed with a smaller c

• We found all cases to show at least some

  2021-04-19

  

  We found all cases to show at least some IGF-1R expression by immunohistochemistry. This is consistent with its ubiquity at the mRNA or protein level in ES/PNET cell lines or clinical samples as shown by others.12, 14 Evidence that IGF-1R expression is required for EWS-FLI1 transformation of mouse f

• br Material and methods br

  2021-04-19

  

  Material and methods Results and discussion Conclusions Prostanoid-E receptor selective antagonists that inhibit EP2 or EP4 receptor activities may be used as a pharmacological strategy to limit cyst formation and ADPKD progression. Our study follows on from our previous observations of the

• Only a few studies have examined the effect

  2021-04-19

  

  Only a few studies have examined the effect of prostanoids on cardiac fibroblasts. Therefore, this study examines the effect of PGE2 on cardiac fibroblast proliferation and tests the hypothesis that PGE2 causes cardiac fibroblast proliferation via alterations of chem 8 regulatory molecules and the

• br Activatable photoacoustic probes Photoacoustic PA imaging

  2021-04-19

  

  Activatable photoacoustic probes Photoacoustic (PA) imaging is a recently developed technique [47]. The imaging approach uses probes that absorb a pulsed laser beam and convert light energy into acoustic signals. It combines the advantages of the high sensitivity offered by optical imaging and th

• The UPR is composed of three different pathways

  2021-04-19

  

  The UPR is composed of three different pathways that fall under the control of three respective ER transmembrane proteins: PERK, IRE1α (inositol-requiring enzyme 1α) and ATF6 (activating transcription factor 6). As a starting signal for the UPR, misfolded proteins induce the release of GRP78 from th

• The concept of GPCRs and EGFRs existing as heteromers is

  2021-04-19

  

  The concept of GPCRs and EGFRs existing as heteromers is consistent with previous studies. Co-immunoprecipitation studies have shown that agonist stimulation (both AngII and EGF) promotes a multi-protein complex containing the AT1R and EGFR, however these endpoint assays were not in live cells or in

• Crystallographic and NMR based analyses have

  2021-04-19

  

  Crystallographic and NMR-based analyses have revealed that RINGs and U-boxes have a common mode of interaction with E2s (Fig. 2A). The key structural elements are two loop-like regions, which, in the case of RINGs, coordinate Zn. The loops surround a shallow groove formed by the central α-helix. Tog

• Ubiquitin activating enzyme activates ubiquitin by a three

  2021-04-19

  

  Ubiquitin-activating enzyme activates ubiquitin by a three-step process with ATP as a cofactor (Chen et al., 2011, Haas and Rose, 1982, Haas et al., 1982). We demonstrated that ATP is required for mRFP-Ub–E1 formation under non-reducing conditions (Fig. 2A). A time course of radioactive ATP producti

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